详细剧情
如意,别名“握君”,中国传统工艺品,起源于古代中国人的“爪仗”(即俗称的「不求人」、“痒痒挠”)。
如意大致可分为三种,直柄式如意,造型线条简单,是为天官如意。顶端造型形似灵芝的,即为灵芝如意。而以玉器、翡翠、珊瑚、玛瑙、碧玺、象牙等名贵宝石,镶嵌在珍贵的紫檀红木,或者铜鎏金上的,则称为三镶式如意。
一柄经典的如意,由细长的手柄和云纹头部组成。早在中国东周年间,便已有如意的雏形。唐代段成式在《酉阳杂俎》中记载孙权曾发掘出秦始皇使用过的一柄白玉如意。
佛教于汉朝时传入中国后,“爪仗”((梵语名为阿那律)作为佛教徒随身装备之一,在中国流行开来,许多佛像都手持如意,是一种吉祥的象征。唐朝以后,如意的使用功能逐渐消失,装饰功能增强,成为工艺品。
== 参考资料 ==
Beal, Samuel, tr. 1884. Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, by Hiuen Tsiang. London.
Davidson, J. LeRoy. 1950. "The Origin and Early Use of the Ju-i", Artibus Asiae 13.4:239–249.
Diener, Michael S., Franz-Karl Erhard, and Ingrid Fischer-Schreiber. 1991. The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen. Michael H. Kohn, tr. Shambhala.
Edkins, Joseph (1904), "The Ju-i, or Scepter of Good Fortune", East of Asia Magazine, 238–240.
Giles, Herbert A. (1912), Introduction to the History of Chinese Pictorial Art, Bernard Quaritch.
Kieschnick, John. 2003. The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture. Princeton University Press.
Laufer, Berthold, 1912. Jade, a Study in Chinese Archaeology and Religion. Field Museum of Natural History.
Takakusu Junjiro, tr. 1896. A Record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago. Oxford…